SCSI disk data lost when transfered to another server

Same applies to any RAID configuration containing multiple SCSI disks. In almost every professional application now the configuration of the array is held on a hardware disk controller rather than within the OS. So although the data is actually still there on the drive, unless you can replicate the controller hardware and its config you're not going to be able to access it. Which is why it is always a good thing to have a backup of your disk controller config and firmware once your server is up and running. If your controller dies you can slap in a new one, flash the firmware, restore the config and retain your job!

Does this apply to SATA drives as well?

Probably not. The reason it happens is because more than one drive is combined into an array of some sort, and it is the disk controller that does it. Typically the individual drives have some proprietary header information written to them so the controller knows how to interpret their contents, and the controller will then go ahead and store the data on them in whatever arrangement it sees fit. For example, one drive might store data while another holds just parity information or whatever