Suggested Articles:
The OSI Model: Layer 1 - Physical Layer
The Physical layer has two responsibilities: it sends bits and receives bits. Bits come only in values of 1 or 0. The Physical layer communicates d...
Manchester Signal Encoding
The device driver software receives a frame of IP, IPX, NetBIOS, or other higher-layer protocol data. From this data, the device driver constructs ...
The OSI Model: Layer 2 - Datalink Layer
The Datalink ensures that messages are delivered to the proper device and translates messages from the Network layer into bits for the Physical lay...
TCP Header Anaylsis - Section 5: TCP Window Siz...
Our fifth section contains some very interesting fields that are used by the TCP transport protocol. We see how TCP helps control how much data is ...
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Netflow Articles:
Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilizatio...
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, appl...
Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Co...
This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive i...
Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Ne...
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ...
NetFlow Analyzer: Free Download, Step-by-Step I...
In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows...
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VTP Introduction & Modes
The invention of VLANs was very much welcomed by all engineers and administrators, allowing them to extend, redesign and segment their existing network ...
Dynamic VLANs
Dynamic VLANs were introduced to grant the flexibility and complexity(!) that Static VLANs did not provide. Dynamic VLANs are quite rare because of thei...
VLAN Tagging - Understanding VLANs Ethernet Frames
We mentioned that Trunk Links are designed to pass frames (packets) from all VLANs, allowing us to connect multiple switches together and independently ...
VLAN InterSwitch Link (ISL) Protocol Analysis
Deciding whether to use ISL or IEEE 802.1q to power your trunk links can be quite confusing if you cannot identify the advantages and disadvantages of e...
Introduction to Routing Protocols
Distance Vector, Link State RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF
Routing protocols were created for routers. These protocols have been designed to allow the exchan...
Link State Routing Protocols
Link State routing protocols do not view networks in terms of adjacent routers and hop counts, but they build a comprehensive view of the overall networ...
OSPF - Part 1: Introduction, OSPF Packet Structure, ...
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a popular routing protocol developed for Internet Protocol (IP) networks by the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) worki...
Routing Information Protocol - RIP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol that is commonly used in small to medium-sized networks. It is one of the...