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Suggested Articles:

TCP - UDP Protocol Analysis
As previously mentioned on a number of occasions, TCP is one of the two protocols that lives at the Transport layer and is used to carry data from on…
Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions
While the original 802.3 specification worked well, the IEEE realized that some upper layer protocols required an Ethertype to work properly. For exa…
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
One of the most used terms in network is LAN (Local Area Network). It’s a form of network that we encounter in our daily lives, at home, at work, stu…
Network Fundamentals
In today's world, securing your home network is more important than ever. With the increasing number of cyberattacks, data breaches, and online fraud…

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Netflow Articles:

In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows w…
In this article, we explore the core principles of bandwidth management and examine how modern network monitoring technologies can assist in maintain…
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ne…
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, applic…

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VLAN Networks
We mentioned that Trunk Links are designed to pass frames (packets) from all VLANs, allowing us to connect multiple switches together and independently co…
VLAN Networks
We hear about them everywhere, vendors around the world are constantly trying to push them into every type of network and as a result, the Local Area Netw…
VLAN Networks
The previous article introduced the VTP protocol, we examined how it can be used within a network, to help manage VLANs and ease the administrative overhe…
VLAN Networks
Designing and building a network is not a simple job. VLANs are no exception to this rule, in fact they require a more sophisticated approach because of t…

Routing
This is the thrid article of our 6-part OSPF series (see below) that describes how OSPF routers perform neighbor relationship and adjacency. We’ll examine…
Routing
This article covers basic OSPF concepts and operation. We explain how OSPF works, how OSPF tables are built on an OSPF-enabled router and their purpose (N…
Routing
Hybrid routing protocols are a combination of distance-vector and link-state routing protocols, and are used to provide a more efficient and scalabl…
Routing
We are going to analyse what happens when routing occurs on a network (IP routing process). When I was new to the networking area, I thought that all you…

Cisco Routers
Chances are we’ve all needed to upgrade our Cisco’s device IOS software at some point. While upgrading the IOS software on a Cisco device is considered to…
Cisco Routers
This article provides an in-depth explanation of PPP Multilink and shows how to configure a Cisco router to use PPP Multilink between two serial interface…
Security Service Edge (SSE)
This article explores the Security Service Edge (SSE) portion of Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) and the need for holistic cybersecurity protections. W…
Network Protocol Analyzers
When working with medium to large scale networks, IT departments are often faced dealing with network loops and broadcast storms that are caused by user e…