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Direct Cable Connection
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Important Direct Cable Connection Notes
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100Base-(T) TX/T4/FX - Ethernet
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10Base-T/2/5/F/35 - Ethernet
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Straight Thru UTP Cables
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Suggested Articles:
Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions
The Novell Proprietary Frame Format
Novell's Proprietary Frame Format was developed based on a preliminary release of the 802.3 specification. After Novell released its proprietary form…
Domain Name System (DNS)
The DNS Protocol - Part 2: DNS Queries & Resoluti…
This section will help you understand how the DNS queries work on the Internet and your home network. There are two ways to use the domain name syste…
Network Cabling
Early Communication Technology - Morse Code and E…
We tend to think of digital communication as a new idea but in 1844 a man called Samuel Morse sent a message 37 miles from Washington D.C. to Baltimo…
The OSI Model
The OSI Model: Layer 4 - Transport Layer
The Transport layer is responsible for providing mechanisms for multiplexing upper-layer application, session establishment, data transfer and tear d…
Featured Subcategories:
Netflow Articles:
NetFlow Analyzer: Free Download, Step-by-Step Ins…
In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows w…
Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilization…
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, applic…
Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Netw…
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ne…
Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Comp…
This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive int…
Wi-Fi Key Generator
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Cisco Password Crack
Decrypt Cisco Type-7 Passwords on the fly!
VLAN Networks
VLANs - IEEE 802.1q Trunk Link Protocol Analysis
While the VLAN Tagging article briefly covered the IEEE 802.1q protocol this article will continue building upon it by further analyzing the IEEE 802.1q T…
VLAN Networks
Dynamic VLANs
Dynamic VLANs were introduced to grant the flexibility and complexity(!) that Static VLANs did not provide. Dynamic VLANs are quite rare because of their…
VLAN Networks
VLANs - Access & Trunk Links
If you've read our previous article The VLAN Concept - Introduction to VLANs then you should feel comfortable with terms such as 'VLAN', 'Stati…
VLAN Networks
VLAN InterSwitch Link (ISL) Protocol Analysis
Deciding whether to use ISL or IEEE 802.1q to power your trunk links can be quite confusing if you cannot identify the advantages and disadvantages of eac…
Routing
Introduction to Routing Protocols
Distance Vector, Link State RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF
Routing protocols were created for routers. These protocols have been designed to allow the exchange…
Routing
OSPF - Part 3: OSPF Adjacency & Neighbor Forming Proce…
This is the thrid article of our 6-part OSPF series (see below) that describes how OSPF routers perform neighbor relationship and adjacency. We’ll examine…
Routing
OSPF - Part 6: OSPF LSA Types - Purpose and Function o…
Our previous article explained the purpose of Link State Update (LSU) packets and examined the Link State Advertisement (LSA) information contained within…
Routing
OSPF - Part 1: Introduction, OSPF Packet Structure, OS…
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a popular routing protocol developed for Internet Protocol (IP) networks by the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) working…
Windows Servers
Troubleshooting Windows Server 2012 R2 Crashes. Analys…
There are umpteen reasons why your Windows Server 2012 R2 decides to present you with a Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) or the stop screen. As virtual machine…
SASE & SD-WAN Networks
Key Features of a True Cloud-Native SASE Service. Sett…
Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) is an architecture widely regarded as the future of enterprise networking and security. In previous articles we talked a…
Virtualization & VM Backup
Understanding Deduplication. Complete Guide to Dedupli…
When considering your VM backup solution, key features such as deduplication are incredibly important. This is not simply from a cost perspective but also…
Windows Servers
The Importance of a Comprehensive Backup Strategy for…
People and companies usually adopt a backup strategy suited to the needs of their working environment. As such, there is no absolute right or wrong method…







