Samuel,
Your message indicates that the linux Kernel was not aboe to mount your file system on the hard drive.
When linux boots, it will mount the available or listed file systems, in other words, it will load them and give the specified users access to the various partitions.
Since your pc has come up with that error, it possible that something wired is happening. Since it sounds like a fresh installation, I would advise you to reinstall and let the system automatically define the partitions (in the case your not too sure about them). Also, if your using a large hard drive, over 8 gigs, make sure LBA is enabled for the drive via your BIOS.
For more information on your error, simply do a quick search on google.com
Cheers,
