Hub & Switch and ping

I have Packet Tracer 4 and I did the first lab with the Hubs and Switch's with 6 PCs 3 on the switch and 3 on the hub then the hubs connected to each other. I got the idea of how it works, but wanted clarification on why it worked that way for sure.

Basically the point of the lab is to design the network then basic PDU packs out to another PC on the same side on the network. So I would send a packet from PC1 to PC2 on the hub side the first packet would forward out all ports and end up where its suppose to be others canceled out. Then a return packet is sent and all is done. Then on the second packet It would then not only forward out all ports it would now go to the switch and all the PCs on the switch's LAN.

Why is this?

And of course on the same situation with the Switch except with the switch it would only send it to the correct PC on the second packet. This one is easier to understand but my guess is the MAC address tables were updated. Is this correct?

I also had another question since I am trying to learn everything through the command line. Setting IPs on PCs and terminals where is a reference sheet so I can see these commands?

I'm just learning so forgive my ignorance.

I'm not familiar with the configuration that you have but:

A hub forwards frames to all ports, other than the incoming one. All PCs see and examine the frame. If the destination MAC matches, the PC keeps it and sends it to layer 3 so the destination IP address can be checked. If the destination MAC address doesn't match, the PC discards the frame. The hub isn't "intelligent" so it works in this way each time for all frames.

A switch has a table of MAC addresses and ports so it can map a frame with a particular destination MAC address to a specific port. If the information is lacking in the table, it acts like a hub in flooding the frame to all PCs on the LAN. It adds entries to the table as traffic passes through the switch so it learns which MAC address is associated with each port.

As for changing an IP address via the command line, have a look at the help facility by typing:

netsh interface ip add address /?

at the command line. It will show you the options.

Then on the second packet It would then not only forward out all ports it would now go to the switch and all the PCs on the switch's LAN.

Why is this?

I'd stick with SteveP on what he said. If you want more, You could post a link to your packet tracer .pkt file so we can see how things are connected.

I also had another question since I am trying to learn everything through the command line. Setting IPs on PCs and terminals where is a reference sheet so I can see these commands?

Type a question mark "?" on the PC prompt and you will get the commands.

Isn't there more commands then just whats show with the ? command? How would you change a ip address with the command line?

How would you change a ip address with the command line?

Like this:

[code:1]
ipconfig 1.2.3.4 255.255.255.0
[/code:1]

Also type /? after any command, it will show detailed help for that command. for example:


[code:1]
PC>ipconfig /?
Packet Tracer PC IP Configuration

Usage:
ipconfig { /? | /renew | /release | <IP> <subnet mask> [<default gateway>] }
[/code:1]

Ahh thanks pal.