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Articles:
The DNS Protocol - Part 1: Introduction
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Suggested Articles:
The OSI Model: Layer 3 - Network Layer
The Network layer is responsible for routing through an internetwork and for networking addressing. This means that the Network layer is responsible…
IP Protocol - Part 2: The Internet Protocol (IP)…
This article examines the Internet Protocol (IP) and its position within the OSI Model. We take a look at the IP Header and all fields contained with…
The Supernetting / CIDR Chart
This articles build upon our previous pages covering what is Supernetting (Route Summarization) & How Supernets Work and Supernetting In-De…
DoS & DDoS Attacks
A Denial of Service (DoS) attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt the normal functioning of a website, server or network by flooding it with traffic…
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Netflow Articles:
Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilization…
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, applic…
Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Netw…
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ne…
ML-Based Security Analytics in NetFlow Analyzer…
This article explores how machine learning (ML) and network flow telemetry can be used to establish behavioral baselines, detect anomalous asset acti…
Bandwidth Detective: Uncover Hidden Traffic and E…
In this article, we explore the core principles of bandwidth management and examine how modern network monitoring technologies can assist in maintain…
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VLAN InterSwitch Link (ISL) Protocol Analysis
Deciding whether to use ISL or IEEE 802.1q to power your trunk links can be quite confusing if you cannot identify the advantages and disadvantages of eac…
VLAN Security - Making the Most of VLANs
It's easy to see why virtual LANs have become extremely popular on networks of all sizes. In practical terms, multiple VLANs are pretty much the same as h…
VTP Introduction & Modes
The invention of VLANs was very much welcomed by all engineers and administrators, allowing them to extend, redesign and segment their existing network wi…
VTP Protocol - In-Depth Analysis
The previous article introduced the VTP protocol, we examined how it can be used within a network, to help manage VLANs and ease the administrative overhe…
Interior Gateway Protocol - IGRP
IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is a Cisco proprietary distance-vector routing protocol used in enterprise networks to exchange routing informati…
The IP Routing Process - Step-by-Step Analysis
We are going to analyse what happens when routing occurs on a network (IP routing process). When I was new to the networking area, I thought that all you…
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol - EIGRP
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), similar to IGRP, is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol that is used to exchange routing information…
Distance Vector Routing Protocols
Distance Vector routing protocols use frequent broadcasts (255.255.255.255 or FF:FF:FF:FF) of their entire routing table every 30 sec. on all their interf…
Cisco Router Modes
One of the greatest perhaps features of Cisco routers is that most commands used in the IOS software they run on, are identical across multiple platforms…
Configuring Dynamic NAT (NAT Overload) On A Cisco Rout…
NAT (Network Address Translation) is a method that allows the translation (modification) of IP addresses while packets/datagrams are traversing the networ…
Ultimate Guide: Install Windows 11 on VMware ESXi – Ea…
In this article, we’ll show you how to setup or install Microsoft Windows 11 on VMware’s ESXi servers and bypass the Trusted Platform Module version 2.0 (…
Introduction To Routers
Welcome to the Routers section. Here we will analyse routers quite some depth; what they do and how they work. We must point out that knowlege on the OSI…