Network Fundamentals: Top Picks
Network Unicast - Its role and Importance
Unicast is a communication method used in computer networking where data is sent from a single sender to a specific destination device. In th...
Securing Your Home Network
In today's world, securing your home network is more important than ever. With the increasing number of cyberattacks, data breaches, and online fra...
Introduction To Networking
A network is simply a group of two or more Personal Computers linked together. Many types of networks exist, but the most common types of networks ...
Media Access Control - MAC Addresses
A MAC address, or Media Access Control address, is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network addr...
Featured Subcategories:
Netflow Articles:
NetFlow Analyzer: Free Download, Step-by-Step I...
In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows...
Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Ne...
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ...
Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Co...
This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive i...
Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilizatio...
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, appl...
Network Protocols:
TCP Header Anaylsis - Section 2: TCP Sequence &...
This page will closely examine the Sequence and Acknowledgement numbers. The very purpose of their existence is related directly to the fact that t...
IP Protocol - Part 3: IP Classes, Network & Hos...
This article explains the 'Network-ID' and 'Host-ID' concept found in IP addressing and subnetting. We analyse the structure of IP addresses and ne...
IP Subnetting - Part 1: The Basic Concepts
When we subnet a network, we basically split it into smaller networks. For example, when a set of IP Addresses is given to a company, e.g 254 they ...
The DNS Protocol - Part 2: DNS Queries & Resolu...
This section will help you understand how the DNS queries work on the Internet and your home network. There are two ways to use the domain name sys...
Transmission Control Protocol - Part 2: Quick O...
As previously mentioned on a number of occasions, TCP is one of the two protocols that lives at the Transport layer and is used to carry data from ...
The Supernetting / CIDR Chart
This articles build upon our previous pages covering what is Supernetting (Route Summarization) & How Supernets Work and Supernetting In-...
TCP Header Anaylsis - Section 3: TCP Header Len...
The third field under close examination is the TCP Header length. There really isn't that much to say about the Header length other than to explain...
IP Subnetting - Part 2: Subnet Masks & Their Ef...
There are a few different ways to approach subnetting and it can get confusing because of the complexity of some subnets and the flexibility they o...
STP/ICMP Protocols:
ICMP Protocol - Part 1: Introduction
The Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), is a very popular protocol and actually part of an Internet Protocol (IP) implementation. Because IP ...
ICMP Protocol - Part 2: Echo / Echo Reply (Ping...
As mentioned in the previous page, an Echo is simply what we networking engineers call a 'ping'. The Echo Reply is, as most would guess, the ...
ICMP Protocol - Part 5: Source Quench Message A...
The ICMP - Source Quench message is one that can be generated by either a gateway or host. You won't see any such message pop up on your workstatio...
ICMP Protocol - Part 7: Time Exceeded Message A...
The ICMP - Time Exceeded message is one which is usually created by gateways or routers. In order to fully understand this ICMP message, you must b...
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VTP Pruning
VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) pruning is a feature that is used in Cisco switches to reduce unnecessary traffic in VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) trun...
VTP Protocol - In-Depth Analysis
The previous article introduced the VTP protocol, we examined how it can be used within a network, to help manage VLANs and ease the administrative over...
VLAN Security - Making the Most of VLANs
It's easy to see why virtual LANs have become extremely popular on networks of all sizes. In practical terms, multiple VLANs are pretty much the same as...
Comparing Traditional Flat & VLAN Networks
Designing and building a network is not a simple job. VLANs are no exception to this rule, in fact they require a more sophisticated approach because of...
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol - EIGRP
Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), similar to IGRP, is a Cisco proprietary routing protocol that is used to exchange routing informatio...
OSPF - Part 6: OSPF LSA Types - Purpose and Function...
Our previous article explained the purpose of Link State Update (LSU) packets and examined the Link State Advertisement (LSA) information contained with...
Routed Protocols
We all understand that TCP/IP, IPX-SPX are protocols which are used in a Local Area Network (LAN) so computers can communicate between with each other a...
Routing Information Protocol - RIP
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol that is commonly used in small to medium-sized networks. It is one of the...